About the Book
Relentlessly Forward: One Thousand Years of Montgomerys tells the story of the Montgomery family beginning in the middle ages and continuing to the present day. Commissioned by Jamie Montgomery and written by Charlotte Moy, it traces the family line through early modern Scotland, eighteenth-century Ireland, the American colonies, modern Canada, and the twentieth-century United States.
Full Bibliography
Primary Sources
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———. “Ontario, Canada Births, 1832–1917,” Simcoe, 1837–1889. Image 141. Birth Record of Lynn Myers Montgomery. Accessed December 18, 2023. Citing Archives of Ontario, Series: Registrations of Births and Stillbirths, 1869–1913
———. “Ontario, Canada Births, 1832–1917,” Simcoe, 1837–1889. Image 172. Birth Record of John Edward Montgomery. Accessed December 18, 2023. Citing Archives of Ontario, Series: Registrations of Births and Stillbirths, 1869–1913.
———. “Ontario, Canada, Deaths and Deaths Overseas, 1869–1949,” York, 1926. Image 1132. Death Record of Helen Annie Montgomery. Accessed December 18, 2023. Citing Archives of Ontario.
———. “Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826–1939,” York, 1871. Image 9. Marriage Record of John Willmot Montgomery and E. Harkness Anderson. Accessed December 18, 2023. Citing Archives of Ontario, Registrations of Marriages, 1869–1928.
———. “Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826–1939,” York, 1922. Image 7225. Marriage Record of Lynn Myers Montgomery and Annie Helen Snowball. Accessed December 18, 2023. Citing Archives of Ontario, Registrations of Marriages, 1869–1928.
———. “Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826–1939,” York, 1928. Image 2982. Marriage Record of Lynn Myers Montgomery and Margaret Lorene Jennings. Accessed December 18, 2023. Citing Archives of Ontario, Registrations of Marriages, 1869–1928.
———. “U.S., Border Crossings from Canada to U.S., 1895–1960,” A4107 – Seattle Washington, 1924–1956, Roll 42. Image 308. Sarah Viola Wilson. Accessed December 18, 2023. Citing The National Archives at Washington, D.C., Manifests of Alien Arrivals in the Seattle, Washington District.
———. “U.S., Border Crossings from Canada to U.S., 1895–1960,” M1480 – New York, 1902–1954, Roll 089. Image 3225. John E. Montgomery on July 4, 1910. Accessed December 18, 2023. Citing The National Archives in Washington, DC, Manifests of Alien Arrivals at Buffalo, Lewiston, Niagara Falls, and Rochester, New York, 1902–1954.
———. “U.S., Naturalization Record Indexes, 1791–1992 (Indexed in World Archives Project),” California, Index to Naturalized Citizens from the Superior Court of San Diego, California, 1868–1958 (M1526). Image 1720. Sarah Viola Wilson. Accessed December 18, 2023. Citing The National Archives in Washington, DC, Index to Naturalized Citizens from the Superior Court of San Diego, California, 1868–1958.
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———. “Mud Is Waist Deep.” December 14, 1916, sec. Letters from Soldiers. Barrie Historical Newspaper Archive.
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———. “Obituary: Mary Montgomery,” September 12, 2013. Private collection.
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Montgomery, John. “Appendix H.” In The Life and Times of William Lyon Mackenzie With an Account of the Canadian Rebellion of 1837, and the Subsequent Frontier Disturbances. Toronto: P.R. Randall, 1862.
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———. Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005. Private collection.
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Pont, Timothy. Cuninghame Topographized, 1610. Quoted in Montgomery, B. G. de. Origin and History of the Montgomerys: Comte de Montgomery, Ponthieu, Alençon and La Marche; Earls of Arundel, Chichester, Shrewsbury, Montgomery, Pembroke, Lancaster, Mercia, Eglinton, and Mountalexander; Princes de Bellême; Marquis de Montgomery de Lorges. London: William Blackwood and Sons Ltd., 1948.
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Footnotes
Chapter One: Legends of the Early Montgomerys
[1] Gregory Rodriguez, “How Genealogy Became Almost as Popular as Porn,” TIME, May 30, 2014.
[2] William R. Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites: Containing Ancestors in America from 1620 to the Present with the Origins of Some English and German Ancestory as Early as 1480 (Baltimore: Gateway Press, Inc., 1990), 55–57, The Internet Archive.
[3] Hugo Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy.” Unpublished report, September 2022, 1.
[4] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 21.
[5] B. G. de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys: Comte de Montgomery, Ponthieu, Alençon and La Marche; Earls of Arundel, Chichester, Shrewsbury, Montgomery, Pembroke, Lancaster, Mercia, Eglinton, and Mountalexander; Princes de Bellême; Marquis de Montgomery de Lorges (London: William Blackwood and Sons Ltd., 1948), 28; James Irvine Robertson, “Clan Montgomery History,” Scotland Magazine, accessed December 15, 2023 at https://www.scotlandmag.com/clan-montgomery/. Now available here.
[6] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 40–42; Thomas Harrison Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery: Including the Montgomery Pedigree (Printed for Private Circulation, 1863), 11, Google Books.
[7] Kathleen Thompson, “The Norman Aristocracy before 1066: The Example of the Montgomerys,” Historical Research LX, no. 143 (October 1987): 252.
[8] Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy,” 1–2.
[9] Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy,” 3–4.
[10] Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy,” 6.
[11] Thompson, “Norman Aristocracy,” 254–58; de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 42–44; Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy,” 4–5.
[12] Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy,” 7–9.
[13] Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy,” 8–9.
[14] Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy,” 8–9.
[15] Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy,” 9.
[16] Frank Barlow, “William I: King of England,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, last modified December 1, 2023.
[17] Sir William Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, Earls of Eglinton(Edinburgh: Privately Printed, 1859), 1; Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 13.
[18] Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, Earls of Eglinton, 1.
[19] Fresnel, “Report on the Montgomery Family of Normandy,” 11.
[20] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 49; Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 16.
[21] Wace, Chronicle of the Norman Conquest form the Roman de Rou, trans. Edgar Taylor (London, 1837), quoted in Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 16.
[22] Judith A. Green, The Aristocracy of Norman England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 30.
[23] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 52–53.
[24] Sir James Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood’s Edition of Sir Robert Douglas’s Peerage of Scotland, Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of That Kingdom (Edinburgh: D. Douglas, 1904), 421, The Internet Archive; de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 54–55.
[25] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 13.
[26] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 55; Green, The Aristocracy of Norman England, 74.
[27] Paul, Scots Peerage, 421; de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 54–55.
[28] Crescida Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception: A Biography of Mabel of Bellême (1030–1082).” (PhD diss., University of Houston, 2019), 161.
[29] Green, The Aristocracy of Norman England, 391.
[30] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 13; Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 129–30, 132.
[31] Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 100.
[32] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 14–15.
[33] François Neveux, A Brief History of the Normans: The Conquest That Changed the Face of Europe (Philadelphia: Running Press, 2008), 113, The Internet Archive.
[34] Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 111–12; Green, The Aristocracy of Norman England, 426.
[35] Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, vol. 2, trans. and ed. Marjorie Chiball (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969–1983), 54–55, quoted in Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 111–12.
[36] Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 111–12.
[37] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 13.
[38] Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 148–49.
[39] Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, 2:124–125, quoted in Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 149.
[40] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 46–47, 55–58.
[41] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 58.
[42] Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, Earls of Eglinton, 3–4.
[43] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 20.
[44] Fraser, Memorials of the Montgomeries, Earls of Eglinton, 3.
[45] Quoted in Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 237.
[46] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 14–15.
[47] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 58–59.
[48] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 59–60.
[49] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 26.
[50] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 65.
[51] Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 242.
[52] Jacobs, “Poison, Power, and Perception,” 245.
[53] Green, The Aristocracy of Norman England, 422, 425.
[54] Hugo Fresnel, “The Arrival of the Montgomerys in Scotland.” Unpublished report, October 2022, 2; Matthew Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland.” Unpublished report, July 2023, 7–8.
[55] G. W. S. Barrow, The Kingdom of the Scots: Government, Church, and Society from the Eleventh to the Fourteenth Century, 2nd ed. (Edinburgh, 2003), 318, quoted in Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 8.
Chapter Two: The Montgomerys in Scotland
[99] Thomas nHenderson, “Montgomerie, Alexander De.”York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 11–41.
[57] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 41–43; de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 102.
[58] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 7–9.
[59] Fresnel, “The Arrival of the Montgomerys in Scotland,” 5.
[60] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 103.
[61] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 10–11.
[62] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 103–4; Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 43; Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 10–14.
[63] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 10–15.
[64] Barrell, Medieval Scotland, 68–69, 91–96, 104.
[65] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 14–15.
[66] Barrell, Medieval Scotland, 11–41, 104, 135.
[67] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 15–17.
[68] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 16–19.
[69] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 104.
[70] Barrell, Medieval Scotland, 125; Alexander Grant, Independence and Nationhood: Scotland 1306–1469 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1984), 17.
[71] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 104; Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 19–20; Grant, Independence and Nationhood, 18–23, 36–37.
[72] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 20.
[73] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 21.
[74] Barrell, Medieval Scotland, 143.
[75] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 104–6; Thomas Finlayson Henderson, “Montgomerie, John,” in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 38, 1885, Wikisource.
[76] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 104–6; Henderson, “Montgomerie, John.”
[77] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 22.
[78] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 24.
[79] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 24.
[80] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 105; Henderson, “Montgomerie, John.”
[81] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 24–25.
[82] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 105–6; Henderson, “Montgomerie, John.”
[83] Quoted in de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 105.
[84] de Montgomery, 105–6; Henderson, “Montgomerie, John.”
[85] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 49–50.
[86] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 26–27.
[87] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 106.
[88] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 27.
[89] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 29.
[90] Grant, Independence and Nationhood, 45.
[91] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 29.
[92] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 27–29.
[93] According to this theory, the three daughters were Anne, married to Sir Robert Cuninghame of Kilmaurs; Janet, second wife of Sir Thomas Boyd of Kilmarnock, buried with him in a church there; and Isabel, married to Archibald Mure of Rowallan. The three sons were Alexander, first Lord Montgomery; Robert, knight of Giffen; and Hugh. Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 50–52; de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 107.
[94] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 30; Historic Environment Scotland, “Castle Sween,” Canmore: National Record of the Historic Environment, accessed December 13, 2023.
[95] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 30.
[96] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 107.
[97] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 30–31.
[98] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 108.
[99] Thomas Finlayson Henderson, “Montgomerie, Alexander De,” in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 38, 1885, Wikisource.
[100] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 32.
[101] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 32.
[102] According to the Dictionary of National Biography, Margaret married John Steward of Darnley; Elizabeth married John Kennedy, the seventh earl of Cassillis; and Agnes married William Cunningham of Glengarnock. But this information conflicts with other sources. Henderson, “Montgomerie, Alexander De”; Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 54; Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 30–32.
[103] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 108, 179–80; James Paterson, History of the Counties of Ayr and Wigton, vol. 3: Cuninghame (Edinburgh: James Stillie, 1866), 106, The Internet Archive; Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 33–35.
[104] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 108 and 179; Paterson, History of the Counties of Ayr and Wigton, 3:106.
[105] Historic Environment Scotland, “Hessilhead Castle,” Canmore: National Record of the Historic Environment, accessed December 13, 2023; Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 39.
[106] Timothy Pont, Cuninghame Topographized (c. 1610), quoted in de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 179.
[107] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 40.
[108] De Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 179.
[109] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 40.
[110] De Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 179; Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery: Including the Montgomery Pedigree, 134; Grant, Independence and Nationhood, 52.
[111] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 43–44.
[112] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 43.
[113] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 134.
[114] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 46.
[115] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 49.
[116] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 50–51.
[117] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 51–52.
[118] Montgomery, A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomery, 134; see also David Irving, “Biographical Notices of Alexander Montgomery,” in The Poems of Alexander Montgomery: With Biographical Notices by David Irving, LL. D., by Alexander Montgomery, ed. David Irving (James Ballantyne and Company, 1821), ix.
[119] Ronald D. S. Jack, Alexander Montgomerie (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1985), 4–5, The Internet Archive.
[120] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 209–11; see also Irving, “Biographical Notices of Alexander Montgomery,” v, xix–xx.
[121] Jack, Alexander Montgomerie, 6–10.
[122] Irving, “Biographical Notices of Alexander Montgomery,” xi.
[123] de Montgomery, Origin and History of the Montgomerys, 211.
[124] Irving, “Biographical Notices of Alexander Montgomery,” xi.
[125] Irving, “Biographical Notices of Alexander Montgomery,” xi; Jack, Alexander Montgomerie, 10–13.
[126] Alexander Montgomery, “To His Majestie, For His Pensioun.” in The Poems of Alexander Montgomery: With Biographical Notices by David Irving, LL. D., by Alexander Montgomery, ed. David Irving (James Ballantyne and Company, 1821), 71.
[127] Jack, Alexander Montgomerie, 11–15.
[128] Irving, “Biographical Notices of Alexander Montgomery,” xv.
[129] Jack, Alexander Montgomerie, 14.
[130] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 53.
[131] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 53.
[132] William Robertson, “The Lady of Hessilhead Outraged, and Gabriel Montgomerie of Thirdpart Slain,” in Historical Tales and Legends of Ayrshire (London: Hamilton, Adams, & Co, 1889), 273–74, Google Books.
[133] Robertson, “The Lady of Hessilhead Outraged, and Gabriel Montgomerie of Thirdpart Slain,” 274.
[134] Robertson, “The Lady of Hessilhead Outraged, and Gabriel Montgomerie of Thirdpart Slain,” 275.
[135] Robertson, “The Lady of Hessilhead Outraged, and Gabriel Montgomerie of Thirdpart Slain,” 276–287.
[136] William Robertson, “The Faithless Bride of Aiket,” in Historical Tales and Legends of Ayrshire (London: Hamilton, Adams, & Co, 1889), 340–357, Google Books.
[137] Robertson, “The Faithless Bride of Aiket,” 357.
[138] Hammond, “The Montgomery Family in Medieval Scotland,” 54, 63; Matthew Hammond, email to author, December 18, 2023.
Chapter Three: The Montgomerys in Ireland
[139] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 28–30.
[140] William Montgomery, The Montgomery Manuscripts: (1603–1706) Compiled from Family Papers, ed. George Hill, vol. 1 (Belfast: Archer and Sons, 1869), 391–92, The Internet Archive.
[141] Diana E. Greenway, “The Medieval Cathedral,” in Chichester Cathedral: An Historical Survey (Chichester: Phillimore, 1994), 13–15, The Internet Archive; Matthew Hammond, email to author, December 13, 2023.
[142] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 30–32.
[143] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 32; Montgomery, The Montgomery Manuscripts, 1:392.
[144] George S. Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck: A Family History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, County Monaghan, Now of Beaulieu, County Louth; Convoy, County Donegal (1887), 7; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 32.
[145] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 32–33; Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 7.
[146] Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 7; Montgomery, The Montgomery Manuscripts, 1:392.
[147] Montgomery, The Montgomery Manuscripts, 1:393; Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 9.
[148] Montgomery, The Montgomery Manuscripts, 1:392–93.
[149] Bernard Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Ireland, ed. Ashworth Peter Burke (London: Harrison & Sons, 1899), 314, Google Books.
[150] Montgomery, The Montgomery Manuscripts, 1:393; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 34.
[151] Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 12.
[152] Montgomery, The Montgomery Manuscripts, 1:393; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 34.
[153] Montgomery, The Montgomery Manuscripts, 1:393 fn 39.
[154] Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 12.
[155] Quoted in Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 34.
[156] Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 12.
[157] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 34.
[158] Quoted in Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 12.
[159] Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 12.
[160] Fiona Fitzsimons, “First Report from Irish Family History Centre.” Unpublished report (Eneclann, June 18, 2021), 4–5.
[161] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 35.
[162] Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 35.
[163] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 35; Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 35.
[164] Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 14.
[165] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 35; R. Sedgwick, “Hope, John (c. 1684–1766), of Culdraines,” in The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1715–1754, 1970.
[166] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 36.
[167] Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 39.
[168] According to George S. Montgomery, both Matthew and his intended’s portaits “are at Baeulieu, in coloured crayons, in frames to match.” Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 14; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 36.
[169] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 35; Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 55.
[170] Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 55; John and Mary had another son named John, who was elected member of parliament for County Monaghan, but died a month later. According to Montgomery, “His portrait is at Beaulieu, labelled Robert (in error), and on it the statement that he was killed by a fall on horseback.” Montgomery, A History of Montgomery of Ballyleck, 35.
[171] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 36.
[172] Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Ireland, 315.
[173] Fitzsimons, “First Report from Irish Family History Centre,” 7.
[174] Nicola Morris, “Report on the Montgomery Family.” Unpublished report (Timeline, March 31, 2023), 7–8.
[175] Morris, “Report on the Montgomery Family,” 9–10.
[176] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 35.
[177] Morris, “Report on the Montgomery Family,” 25.
[178] Morris, “Report on the Montgomery Family,” 21. Correction: Hugh likely had seven children.
[179] Morris, “Report on the Montgomery Family,” 18.
Chapter Four: Life in the Colonies
[180] Rev. Ezekial Stewart, Poststewart, County Londonderry, to Michael Ward and the Lords Justice of Ireland, 25 March 1729 (D.2092/1/3/141, Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast), quoted in Kerby A. Miller et al., Irish Immigrants in the Land of Canaan: Letters and Memoirs from Colonial and Revolutionary America, 1675–1815 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 5, ACLS Humanities Ebook.
[181] Miller et al., Irish Immigrants in the Land of Canaan, 4, 24; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 37.
[182] Abby Budiman, “Key Findings About U.S. Immigrants,” Pew Research Center, Fact Tank: News in the Numbers, August 20, 2020, Archived on August 21, 2020; Aidan Lewis, “America’s New Irish Immigrants,” BBC News, December 18, 2013; Miller et al., Irish Immigrants in the Land of Canaan, 4–5.
[183] Miller et al., Irish Immigrants in the Land of Canaan, 6, 28.
[184] Miller et al., Irish Immigrants in the Land of Canaan, 5; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 37; “Test Act,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, July 20, 1998.
[185] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites.
[186] “Voyage length was the single most important determinant of passenger safety and comfort, and by the early 1770s passages from Belfast and other Ulster ports to Philadelphia averaged only seven weeks, four days, in length, down from the 8 to 10 weeks’ duration that had been common in the 1720s.” Miller et al., Irish Immigrants in the Land of Canaan, 90–91.
[187] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 38.
[188] After Robert died in 1658, Susannah married Jeffrey Ferris, then she passed away in 1660. One of Gershom’s brothers, Jonathan, married Jeffrey’s daughter, Mary Ferris. Gershom’s other siblings were Deborah, Joseph, Daniel, Ephraim, John, Abigail, Sarah, and Mary. Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 59–60.
[189] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 60.
[190] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 60.
[191] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 38 and 61.
[192] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 38.
[193] Alexander Fraser and Ontario Department of Public Records and Archives, United Empire Loyalists: Enquiry Into the Losses and Services in Consequence of Their Loyalty: Evidence in the Canadian Claims, Part 2, 1905, 861, Google Books.
[194] Fraser and Ontario Department of Public Records and Archives, United Empire Loyalists, 860.
[195] Robert Middlekauff, The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 22–25, 61–65, The Internet Archive.
[196] Jeff Wallenfeldt, “Timeline of the American Revolution,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.; “Townshend Acts,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.
[197] Edward Countryman and Barnet Schecter, “American Revolution,” in The Encyclopedia of New York City, ed. Kenneth T. Jackson, Lisa Keller, and Nancy Flood, 2nd ed. (Yale: Yale University Press, 2010), The Internet Archive; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 38.
[198] Miller et al., Irish Immigrants in the Land of Canaan, 561; James Graham Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish: A Social History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962), 304–305, EBSCOhost.
[199] Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish: A Social History, 305.
[200] Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish: A Social History, 305.
[201] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 54.
[202] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 54–55.
[203] Douglas How, “King George III’s Loyal Americans,” Reader’s Digest, July 1976, 58.
[204] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 38.
[205] Fraser and Ontario Department of Public Records and Archives, United Empire Loyalists, 860.
[206] T. H. Breen, American Insurgents, American Patriots (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2010), 160–62; Ruma Chopra, Unnatural Rebellion: Loyalists in New York City During the Revolution (University of Virginia Press, 2011), 18–19, EBSCOhost; Sean M. O’Mara, “Commissioners for Detecting and Defeating Conspiracies,” in The Encyclopedia of New York State, ed. Peter Eisenstadt and Laura-Eve Moss (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2005), The Internet Archive.
[207] Fraser and Ontario Department of Public Records and Archives, United Empire Loyalists, 860.
[208] Fraser and Ontario Department of Public Records and Archives, United Empire Loyalists, 860.
[209] David Bell, Early Loyalist Saint John: The Origin of New Brunswick Politics, 1783–1786 (Fredericton, Canada: New Ireland Press, 1983), 9.
[210] Esther Clark Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick (Fredericton, Canada, 1955), 4; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 39–40.
Chapter Five: Exodus to New Brunswick
[211] Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick, 24.
[212] Treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783, National Archives website, last reviewed May 10, 2022; also quoted in Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick, 39.
[213] Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick, 39, 41–42; Maya Jasanoff, Liberty’s Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World (New York: Vintage Books, 2012), 6, Google Books; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 40.
[214] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 40; Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick, 35–36, 38, 69–72, 155.
[215] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 40.
[216] Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick, 125–26.
[217] “Claims, American Loyalists: Series I (AO 12): 1776–1831: Background,” The Loyalist Collection, accessed December 14, 2021, https://loyalist.lib.unb.ca/node/4127.
[218] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 40; Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick, 165.
[219] Fraser and Ontario Department of Public Records and Archives, United Empire Loyalists, 861.
[220] Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick, 306.
[221] Alexander Montgomery, Petition to Thomas Carlton, Burton, February 1785. A copy of this petition is part of the Montgomery family records, but I have not been able to identify what book or collection it originally came from.
[222] Montgomery, Petition to Thomas Carlton, Burton, February 1785.
[223] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 40. Marsh includes a list of sources for each chapter, but does not cite these quotes individually.
[224] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 41.
[225] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 41.
[226] Quoted in Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 41.
[227] Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick, 222–26.
[228] Fraser and Ontario Department of Public Records and Archives, United Empire Loyalists, 861.
[229] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 42–46.
[230] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 42–46.
[231] Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick, 306; Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 42.
[232] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 44–46.
[233] The dates provided for their wedding vary. Malcolm Stern’s work says the marriage took place in 1783. Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 44–46; Fraser and Ontario Department of Public Records and Archives, United Empire Loyalists, 860; Malcolm H. Stern, First American Jewish Families: 600 Genealogies, 1654–1988, 3rd ed. (Baltimore, MD: Ottenheimer Publishers, Inc., 1991), 220, https://www.americanjewisharchives.org/aja-publications/first-american-families/.
[234] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 43.
[235] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 43.
[236] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 44.
[237] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 46; Wright, The Loyalists of New Brunswick.
[238] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 47.
[239] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 47.
[240] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 47.
[241] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 46.
[242] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 47, 50–51.
[243] This information comes from a letter from Cleadie B. Barnett kept in the Montgomery family’s records. Barnett references “C-28 Gagetown Anglican Church,” but it is not clear what library or archive she is referencing. Cleadie B. Barnett, letter to Mr. Montgomery (first name unknown), February 27, 1977, private collection.
[244] Stern, First American Jewish Families: 600 Genealogies, 1654–1988, 220.
[245] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 47; John S. Moir, “Presbyterian and Reformed Churches in Canada,” in The Canadian Encyclopedia, July 14, 2006; “About Us: A Brief History,” The Anglican Church of Canada, Archived on April 19, 2021; “Anglican Church of Canada,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, last revised November 15, 2021.
[246] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 48.
[247] Edith G. Firth, “Introduction: Establishment of the Capital,” in The Town of York, 1793–1815: A Collection of Documents of Early Toronto (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962), xxxi–xl, The Internet Archive.
[248] “The Real Story of How Toronto Got Its Name,” Natural Resources Canada, October 5, 2005, Archived October 16, 2006.
[249] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 48; “The Real Story of How Toronto Got Its Name.”
[250] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 47–48.
[251] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 44–45.
[252] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 48–51.
[253] Marsh,The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 50–51.
Chapter Six: John Montgomery (c. 1788 - 1879)
[254] Edwin C. Guillet, “MONTGOMERY, JOHN (d. 1879),” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 10 (University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003); 1783 is given by E. A. Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” Ontario History LII, no. 3 (1960): 141 and Dorothy (Heather) Milne, “Montgomery’s Tavern,” The York Pioneer, 1988, 12.
[255] Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38. From a Paper Read before the York Pioneer and Historical Society.,” York Pioneer and Historical Society Report, 1926.
[256] Chad Gaffield, “History of Education in Canada,” in The Canadian Encyclopedia, July 13, 2013.
[257] Guillet, “Montgomery, John”; Jesse Greenspan, “How U.S. Forces Failed to Conquer Canada 200 Years Ago,” History, 2012; Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 141.
[258] Greenspan, “How U.S. Forces Failed”; “War of 1812: The Battle of York, 1813,” Toronto Public Library, November 28, 2018, Archived on November 19, 2019.
[259] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 49.
[260] “War of 1812.”
[261] Chuck D’Imperio, Graves of Upstate New York: A Guide to 100 Notable Resting Places, 2nd ed. (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2018), 104, EBSCOhost; “War of 1812.”
[262] Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38.”
[263] “War of 1812.”
[264] “War of 1812.”
[265] “North Toronto - History - Rebellion of 1837,” The Etobicoke Historical Society, April 1982.
[266] History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario: Biographical Notices (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), 117; “Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826–1939,” York, 1871, image 9, Marriage Record of John Willmot Montgomery and E. Harkness Anderson, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing Archives of Ontario, Registrations of Marriages, 1869–1928.
[267] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 49–50; Andrew Lofft, email to author, June 17, 2021; Scott Kennedy, Willowdale: Yesterday’s Farms, Today’s Legacy (Dundurn, 2013), chapter 8, NOOK; see also “North Toronto - History - Rebellion of 1837.”
[268] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 51; Milne, “Montgomery’s Tavern,” 12.
[269] Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38.”
[270] Andrew McIntosh and James Maurice Stockford Careless, “Responsible Government.” in The Canadian Encyclopedia, updated January 6, 2020.
[271] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 142; Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38.,” 12.
[272] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 49–51.
[273] Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38,” 12.
[274] Milne, “Montgomery’s Tavern,” 12.
[275] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 143.
[276] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 142–43.
[277] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 143–44.
[278] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 143–44.
[279] Philip A. Buckner, “Rebellion in Upper Canada,” in The Canadian Encyclopedia, July 25, 2013.
[280] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 145–47.
[281] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery.” 147–48.
[282] Buckner, “Rebellion in Upper Canada.”
[283] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 150.
[284] J. Ross Robertson, Landmarks of Toronto: A Collection of Historical Sketches of the Old Town of York from 1792 until 1833, and of Toronto from 1834 to 1893 (Toronto: J. Ross Roberton, 1894), 261, The Internet Archive.
[285] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 150.
[286] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 150.
[287] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 150.
[288] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 154.
[289] Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38,” 13.
[290] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 155.
[291] Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38,” 13.
[292] Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38,” 14.
[293] John Montgomery, “Appendix H,” in The Life and Times of William Lyon Mackenzie With an Account of the Canadian Rebellion of 1837, and the Subsequent Frontier Disturbances (Toronto: P.R. Randall, 1862).
[294] Montgomery, “Appendix H.”
[295] Montgomery, “Appendix H”; Ruth Hawkins, “History of Wolfe Island,” Wolfe Island, Ontario, 1967, Archived on April 19, 2022. Thanks to Rosa Maria de Barros at the Toronto Public Library for directing me to this resource when I consulted her about the island John Montgomery might be referring to.
[296] Montgomery, “Appendix H.”
[297] Montgomery, “Appendix H.”
[298] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 155.
[299] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 155.
[300] Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38,” 15.
[301] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 53–54; Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38,” 15; Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 155; “Montgomery’s Tavern National Historic Site of Canada.” in Canada’s Historic Places, accessed December 15, 2023; Guillet, “Montgomery, John,” 530.
[302] Lacey, “The Trials of John Montgomery,” 155–57.
[303] Guillet, “Montgomery, John,” 530.
[304] Death Record of John Montgomery on October 31, 1879, Office of the Registrar General, Toronto, May 30, 1978, private collection.
[305] Harriet Isabella Montgomery, Last Will of H. I. Montgomery, February 28, 1881, private collection; Memorial page for John Montgomery (29 Feb 1784–31 Oct 1879), ID 88665934, maintained by Mary Lou Anderson Reid, on Find a Grave, accessed 9 July 2021, citing Barrie Union Cemetery.
[306] “John Montgomery,” Montgomery and Rowntree Families and Genealogy, accessed December 15, 2023.
[307]Sheppard, “Incidents in the Life of John Montgomery During the Rebellion of 1837–38,” 15.
[308] Marsh, The Ancestors and Descendants of F. A. Marsh and Ivy Crites, 51.
[309] History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario: Biographical Notices (Toronto: C. B. Robinson, 1885).
[310] John Montgomery, Last Will of John Montgomery, February 23, 1878, private collection.
Chapter Seven: Frederick M. Montgomery (c. 1852 - 1922) and John Edward Montgomery (c. 1886 - 1923)
[311] Guillet, “Montgomery, John.”
[312] Fred and Roberta’s ceremony took place in Stayner. The marriage certificate says that the wedding information is recorded in the Marriage Registry book at St. Luke’s Church in Creemore. Marriage Certificate of Fred Myers Montgomery and Roberta Franklin Perry on April 8, 1885, Diocese of Toronto, Creemore, Ontario, September 5, 1891, private collection. Mary Harris, “Soldier Stories: Waist High Mud.” BarryToday.Com, November 14, 2020, sec. Remember This?
[313] “Ontario, Canada Births, 1832–1917,” Simcoe, 1837–1889, image 172, Birth Record of John Edward Montgomery, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing Archives of Ontario, Series: Registrations of Births and Stillbirths, 1869–1913; “Ontario, Canada Births, 1832–1917,” Simcoe, 1837–1889, image 141, Birth Record of Lynn Myers Montgomery, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing Archives of Ontario, Series: Registrations of Births and Stillbirths, 1869–1913.
[314] “Huge Fires Defined Barrie’s Downtown Development,” Barrie Advance, December 7, 2007.
[315] Birth Record of John Edward Montgomery on January 26, 1886, Office of the Registrar General, Toronto, July 26, 1978, private collection; “Dr. John E. Montgomery Is Victim of Diphtheria,” The Northern Advance, November 15, 1923, Vol. LXXII. No. 39; Harris, “Soldier Stories: Waist High Mud.”
[316] Records state that he had a fair complexion, brown hair, and brown eyes. Standing at 5’7”, he was close to the average height at the time for men. “U.S., Border Crossings from Canada to U.S., 1895–1960,” M1480 – New York, 1902–1954, Roll 089, image 3225, John E. Montgomery on July 4, 1910, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing The National Archives in Washington, DC, Manifests of Alien Arrivals At Buffalo, Lewiston, Niagara Falls, and Rochester, New York, 1902–1954; David Johnson, “How Tall Would You Have Been 100 Years Ago?”, TIME, July 27, 2016.
[317] Harris, “Soldier Stories: Waist High Mud”; “Dr. John E. Montgomery Is Victim of Diphtheria.”
[318] Marriage Certificate of John Edward Montgomery and Sarah Viola Matthews on December 18, 1912, Diocese of New Westminster, Vancouver, December 18, 1912, private collection.
[319] “Ladysmith Registered Nurses Pay Tribute to Late Physician,” Nanaimo Daily Free Press, May 29, 1958; Harris, “Soldier Stories: Waist High Mud.”
[320] Richard A. Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005, private collection.
[321] “Ladysmith Registered Nurses Pay Tribute to Late Physician”; Harris, “Soldier Stories: Waist High Mud”; “Canada and the First World War: The Canadian Expeditionary Force,” in Canadian War Museum, accessed December 15, 2023.
[322] “Mud Is Waist Deep,” Barrie Examiner, December 14, 1916, sec. Letters from Soldiers, Barrie Historical Newspaper Archive.
[323] “Ladysmith Registered Nurses Pay Tribute to Late Physician”; “Dr. John E. Montgomery Is Victim of Diphtheria.”
[324] Sarah Buchanan, “Spanish Influenza in the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, 1918–1919” (Master’s thesis, University of Victoria, 2012), 5–6.
[325] The numbers may have been even higher, but due to inconsistent maintenance of medical records around the world it is difficult to establish them with certainty. “Spanish Flu.” HistoryNet, October 12, 2010.
[326] But Spain had less wartime censorship than other countries and therefore may have been first to publicize the fast-spreading virus. Buchanan, “Spanish Influenza in the City of Vancouver,” 5–6.
[327] “Spanish Flu.”
[328] “Spanish Flu”; Buchanan, “Spanish Influenza in the City of Vancouver,” 12.
[329] Buchanan, “Spanish Influenza in the City of Vancouver,” 7–8.
[330] “Spanish Flu.”
[331] “Spanish Flu.”
[332] Buchanan, “Spanish Influenza in the City of Vancouver,” 12.
[333] Russell Hixson, “Remembering the Impact of 1918 Spanish Flu Outbreak on B.C. Workers,” Journal of Commerce by ConstructConnect, March 16, 2020.
[334] Hixson, “Remembering the Impact of 1918 Spanish Flu Outbreak on B.C. Workers.”
[335] “Ladysmith Registered Nurses Pay Tribute to Late Physician.”
[336] “Ladysmith Registered Nurses Pay Tribute to Late Physician.”
[337] “Ladysmith Registered Nurses Pay Tribute to Late Physician.”
[338] “Diptheria Timeline: Park’s Diptheria Campaign,” The History of Vaccines, accessed November 17, 2021, https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline#EVT_102223. The History of Vaccines site has been updated; some similar information for pages cited can be found at https://historyofvaccines.org/history/diphtheria/timeline.
[339] “Diptheria Timeline: Park’s Diptheria Campaign”; The idea was that the toxin would elicit active immunity and the antitoxin would prevent it from causing disease. “Diptheria Timeline: Toward Immunization,” The History of Vaccines, accessed November 17, 2021, https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline#EVT_102219.
[340] “Ladysmith Registered Nurses Pay Tribute to Late Physician.”
[341] “Diptheria Timeline: Ramon and Glenny,” The History of Vaccines, accessed November 17, 2021, https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline#EVT_102224.
[342] “History of Diphtheria,” The History of Vaccines, accessed November 17, 2021, https://www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline/diphtheria.
[343] Certificate of Death for Fred Myers Montgomery on February 7, 1922, Division of Vital Statistics, Department of Health Services and Hospital Insurance, Ladysmith, British Columbia, April 3, 1978, private collection; Memorial page for Fred Myers Montgomery (1852–7 Feb 1922), ID 134503220, maintained by Sheryl Walker, on Find a Grave, accessed 17 November 2021, citing Ladysmith Cemetery.
[344] I found information about John’s grave in the Find a Grave database and confirmed via email with Beverley Taschuk on February 2, 2022 that he had been buried at Ladysmith Cemetery in 1922. The photos on Find a Grave suggest that Fred and John share a gravestone. But according to the Ladysmith records, John and Fred are in separate plots. She also confirmed that Jacqueline, John’s daughter, was buried in Fred’s plot a few years later. Memorial page for John Edward Montgomery (1886–6 Nov 1923), ID 134503494, maintained by Find a Grave (contributor 8), on Find a Grave, accessed 18 November 2021, citing Ladysmith Cemetery.
[345] “Ladysmith Registered Nurses Pay Tribute to Late Physician.”
[346] “Dr. John E. Montgomery Is Victim of Diphtheria.”
[347] “Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826–1939,” York, 1922, image 7225, Marriage of Lynn Myers Montgomery and Annie Helen Snowball, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing Archives of Ontario, Registrations of Marriages, 1869–1928; “Ontario, Canada, Deaths and Deaths Overseas, 1869–1949,” York, 1926, image 1132, Death of Helen Annie Montgomery, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing Archives of Ontario; “Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1826–1939,” York, 1928, image 2982, Marriage of Lynn Myers Montgomery and Margaret Lorene Jennings, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing Archives of Ontario, Registrations of Marriages, 1869–1928.
[348] “Died,” Barrie Examiner, October 14, 1948, Barrie Historical Newspaper Archive.
[349] Records describe her as 5’6” with a fair complexion, graying brown hair, blue eyes, and some kind of distinctive “mark” on her right eye. “U.S., Border Crossings from Canada to U.S., 1895–1960,” A4107 – Seattle Washington, 1924–1956, Roll 42, image 308, Sarah Viola Wilson, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing The National Archives at Washington, D.C., Manifests of Alien Arrivals in the Seattle, Washington District.
[350] “U.S., Naturalization Record Indexes, 1791–1992 (Indexed in World Archives Project),” California, Index to Naturalized Citizens from the Superior Court of San Diego, California, 1868–1958 (M1526), image 1720, Sarah Viola Wilson, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing The National Archives in Washington, DC, Index to Naturalized Citizens From the Superior Court of San Diego, California, 1868–1958.
[351] Her death certificate lists her name as “Viola Sarah Wilson.” It is not clear why her first and middle names are reversed. Certificate of Death for Viola Sarah Wilson on April 19, 1985, Division of Vital Statistics, Ministry of Health, Victoria, British Columbia, April 23, 1985, private collection.
Chapter Eight: Richard "Dick" Montgomery and Mary Boyd
[352] James Cover, conversation with author, January 28, 2022.
[353] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005.
[354] He was baptized in the parish of St. John. Baptismal Certificate of Richard Alan Montgomery, April 27, 1919, private collection.
[355] “Eleanor Viola McBain,” Peace Arch News, January 15, 2019, sec. Obituaries; Register of Baptism for Jacqueline Montgomery, St. John’s Church, Ladysmith, British Columbia, July 20, 1924, private collection; “1921 Census of Canada,” British Columbia, Nanaimo, Sub-District 29 – New Castle, image 6, on Ancestry, accessed December 18, 2023, citing Library and Archives Canada, Sixth Census of Canada, 1921 (Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada, 2013), series RG31.
[356] A photo of Jacqueline’s gravestone is available on the Find a Grave website. I was able to confirm some of the information from Find a Grave by emailing Beverly Taschuk, an Administrative Coordinator in Ladysmith. Jacqueline is buried in Plot 28 with Fred Myers Montgomery. John Edward Montgomery is in Plot 30, which is directly next to them. She was not able to provide Jacqueline’s date of death. Find a Grave’s assertion that she died on February 27, 1927 would not quite match Dick’s statement that he lost a three-year-old sister because Jacqueline was born in May 1924, but he may have been approximating her age. Memorial page for Jacqueline Montgomery (1924–18 Feb 1927), ID 134503250, on Find a Grave, accessed December 19, 2023, citing Ladysmith Cemetery; Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005.
[357] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005.
[358] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005.
[359] Richard A. Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 1998, private collection; Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005; “Richard Montgomery (Obituary),” Vancouver Sun/The Province via Legacy, June 13, 2012.
[360] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005.
[361] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005.
[362] University of British Columbia Transcript: Record of Richard Alan Montgomery, Office of the Registrar, University of British Columbia, September 28, 1939, private collection; “Twenty-Fifth Congregation for the Conferring of Degrees,” program for graduation ceremony, The University of British Columbia, May 9, 1940, private collection; Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005.
[363] G. M. Shrum, letter of recommendation for Richard A. Montgomery, December 22, 1942, private collection.
[364] Shrum, “Letter of Recommendation”; Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005; Dartmouth College Transcript: Record of Mr. Richard A. Montgomery, Dartmouth College, June 17, 1941, private collection.
[365] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005; Curriculum Vitae of Richard Montgomery, private collection.
[366] James Montgomery, “Remembrance of Mary Montgomery,” eulogy given on October 12, 2013, private collection; Mary Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005, private collection.
[367] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 1998.
[368] Certificate of Marriage of Richard Montgomery and Mary Boyd, Ottawa, June 17, 1944, private collection; Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005; Montgomery, “Remembrance of Mary Montgomery.”
[369] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005; Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[370] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[371] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[372] Montgomery, “Remembrance of Mary Montgomery.”
[373] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[374] James Montgomery, “Obituary: Mary Montgomery,” September 12, 2013, private collection; Montgomery, “Remembrance of Mary Montgomery.”
[375] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[376] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[377] Montgomery, “Obituary: Mary Montgomery”; Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[378] Montgomery, “Obituary: Mary Montgomery”; Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[379] Emilie Anne Plows, “Serving Their Country: The Story of the Wrens, 1942–1946,” Canadian Military Journal 9, no. 2: 83–84; Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[380] Certificate of Marriage of Richard Montgomery and Mary Boyd; Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005; Montgomery, “Remembrance of Mary Montgomery.”
[381] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005.
[382] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 1998.
[383] S. S. Mackeown to Richard Montgomery, June 2, 1945, private collection.
[384] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[385] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project; Montgomery, “Obituary: Mary Montgomery.”
[386] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005.
[387] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005; Curriculum Vitae of Richard Montgomery; Montgomery Scholarship Award Letter, private collection.
[388] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[389] Harold Brown to Richard Montgomery, December 19, 1961, private collection; Curriculum Vitae of Richard Montgomery.
[390] Cyrus Vance, Citation to Dr. Richard Alan Montgomery, July 15, 1964, private collection.
[391] James Montgomery, “ASB Award for Dick Montgomery,” speech given on July 20, 2006, private collection.
[392] Montgomery, “ASB Award for Dick Montgomery.”
[393] Montgomery, Dick’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project, 2005; Curriculum Vitae of Richard Montgomery.
[394] US Army, “Dr. Richard A. Montgomery Is Awarded the Outstanding Civilian Service Medal,” October 1983, private collection.
[395] Curriculum Vitae of Richard Montgomery.
[396] Lee Dembart, “Think Tank Resigned to Leaving JPL: Director Vows Arroyo Center Will Continue Its Mission for Army,” Los Angeles Times, February 13, 1984.
[397] Lee Dembart, “Caltech Faculty Urges Limiting Ties With Army,” Los Angeles Times, January 31, 1984.
[398] Dembart, “Caltech Faculty Urges Limiting Ties With Army.”
[399] Lee Dembart, “Army Think Tank Plan Stirs Caltech: Extent of JPL’s Military Commitment, Faculty’s Role Debated,” Los Angeles Times, January 1984.
[400] Dembart, “Think Tank Resigned to Leaving JPL.”
[401] Dembart, “Caltech Faculty Urges Limiting Ties With Army.”
[402] Dembart, “Think Tank Resigned to Leaving JPL.”
[403] Dembart, “Think Tank Resigned to Leaving JPL.”
[404] Dembart, “Think Tank Resigned to Leaving JPL.”
[405] Lee Dembart, “Army’s Think Tank, Ousted from JPL, Will Move to the Rand Corp.,” Los Angeles Times, September 29, 1984.
[406] James Montgomery, “Eulogy for Richard Montgomery,” eulogy given on June 15, 2012, private collection; Montgomery, “ASB Award for Dick Montgomery.”
[407] Montgomery Scholarship Award Letter.
[408] “Weapons Man,” December 1965, Boeing Management Magazine.
[409] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project; Montgomery, “Remembrance of Mary Montgomery”; Montgomery, “Obituary: Mary Montgomery.”
[410] Montgomery Scholarship Award Letter.
[411] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project; Montgomery, “Remembrance of Mary Montgomery”; Montgomery, “Obituary: Mary Montgomery.”
[412] “Richard Montgomery (Obituary).”
[413] Montgomery, “Obituary: Mary Montgomery.”
Chapter Nine: The Legacy of Dick and Mary Montgomery
[414] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
[415] Montgomery Scholarship Award Letter.
[416] Montgomery Scholarship Award Letter.
[417] Montgomery, Mary’s Reflections for St. Matthews Biography Project.
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